AWWA MTC93008 ✓ Most Recent

This paper presents a general overview of current pre- and post-treatment for membrane desalination and membrane softening systems. Treatment requirements are described and technically viable processes are identified for general categories of feedwaters. It is emphasized that each source of water has its own specific characteristics and that the general results presented may not be universally applicable. The author discusses problems fouling, feedwater requirements, treatment processes for suspended solids, including filtration, media filters, ultrafiltration, precoat filtration, and coagulation and sedimentation. Scale control measures are pH control and scale inhibitors. Oxidation prevents particulate formation. Biological activity can be controlled by chlorination (followed by dechlorination to protect membranes) or ultraviolet radiation. Posttreatment must control gases, such as chlorine dioxide, hydrogen sulfide removal, corrosion control, and stabilization, and disinfection. See more