Equipment Oversizing Issues with Hydronic Heating Systems ✓ Most Recent

Notes that low temperature district and central heating systems have been developed so that the fluid supply temperature is less than 120degF (49degC). As a result, these systems have higher exergetic efficiencies, relying on temperature differences as low as 20degF(11degC) between the heat source and the space heating equipment. However the standard condition for most hydronic heating equipment still remains at an effective 215degF(102degC), so that apart from hydronic radiant panels, heating equipment needs to be oversized when coupled or retrofitted to low temperature energy resources. Presents analytical equations which provide a complete package for the design and analysis of parallel and mixed type circuits, serving any kind of equipment. The algorithm is applicable to any degree of circuit complexity and equipment diversity and provides a precise check for the flow velocity and helps to fine tune other equipment and circulators.